What’s The Process For Translating User Guides?
Several of our purchasers frequently translate their supplies into numerous languages for each project. Person feedback is invaluable for improving translations of texts containing advanced terms and instructions. The end translation is mentioned and revisited in case the client requires sure changes.
Know Your Audience
A style guide can include instruction on tone, writing style, converting measurements, text expansion, formatting, currency localization and punctuation. Managing these complex formats requires both linguistic expertise and technical proficiency with the tools used to create and edit the manual. It’s crucial that each version of the manual conveys the exact same information, instructions, and warnings accurately. For example, according to the EU Machinery Directive, companies must provide instructions in the official language(s) of the country where the product is sold. Of course, if your system is integrated with your localization company's translation software, if you have any changes to be implemented, this will not be an issue that slows you down.
Understanding your audience is essential when translating person guides, as it ensures that the content resonates with the top customers' needs and expectations. Aqueduct Translations emphasizes the importance of tailoring translations to specific demographics, cultural contexts, and technical proficiencies. By knowing your viewers, translators can adapt terminology, tone, and style, leading to clearer communication and enhanced consumer satisfaction.
Understanding Consumer Groups
Understanding your viewers is essential when translating person guides, because it instantly impacts how successfully the data is communicated. Totally Different user groups may have various ranges of expertise, cultural backgrounds, and language proficiency, which might affect their understanding of the content material. Tailoring the translation process to suit these numerous wants ensures that the translated material isn't only correct but also accessible and related.
- Identify the target audience: Determine who might be utilizing the person information and their specific wants.
- Assess language proficiency: Understand the language expertise of the viewers to choose appropriate terminology.
- Cultural concerns: Incorporate cultural nuances that may affect comprehension and value.
- Feedback mechanisms: Establish methods for customers to supply feedback on the readability and usefulness of the guide.
- User testing: Conduct tests with actual users to ensure the translated information meets their expectations and necessities.
Cultural and Linguistic Considerations
When translating user guides, understanding your viewers is essential. This includes recognizing the cultural and linguistic backgrounds of the users who shall be using the guide. Totally Different cultures might have unique ways of interpreting data, which can affect how they understand and apply the directions provided.
Cultural concerns embrace consciousness of native customs, symbols, and norms that might have an effect on comprehension. For occasion, certain colors or pictures may carry completely different meanings in various cultures, which might lead to confusion if not addressed properly. Moreover, the tone and style of communication ought to align with the viewers's expectations. A formal method could also be applicable for skilled settings, while a more casual tone would possibly resonate higher with youthful audiences or in informal contexts.
Linguistic issues are equally important. This includes choosing the right dialect or regional variation of a language based on the target audience. It Is not just about translating words; it's about ensuring that the language used feels natural and relatable to the reader. Employing native speakers for translation might help capture nuances and idiomatic expressions, enhancing general readability and effectiveness.
Ultimately, a profitable translation process hinges on thorough research into each cultural and linguistic elements. By tailoring person guides to satisfy the particular wants of the supposed audience, organizations can guarantee their supplies are understood and utilized effectively, leading to improved consumer satisfaction and engagement.
Tailoring Translations to Consumer Needs
Translating consumer guides effectively requires a eager understanding of the target audience. Knowing your audience is important for guaranteeing that the translated content resonates with customers and meets their particular wants. This course of begins with figuring out the demographic characteristics of the customers, together with their language proficiency, cultural background, and familiarity with the topic matter. By tailoring translations to those elements, translators can create person guides that aren't only accurate but in addition partaking and easy to grasp.
In the translation course of, it is crucial to assume about the terminology and tone that might be handiest for the viewers. For example, technical jargon may be acceptable for knowledgeable viewers however may confuse lay users. Simplifying language and utilizing relatable examples could make the information more accessible. Additionally, cultural nuances ought to be taken into account; phrases or references that work in one tradition may not translate nicely to another, leading to misunderstandings.
Moreover, user suggestions is invaluable in refining translated supplies. Engaging with the viewers via surveys or usability exams can provide insights into how well the translations serve their needs. This iterative method helps ensure that the ultimate product aligns with consumer expectations and preferences, enhancing the general effectiveness of the translation.
Ultimately, by specializing in the viewers's unique necessities and repeatedly adapting the content material primarily based on their feedback, translators can produce person guides that empower users and enhance their experience with the product.
Follow the Fashion Guide
Translating consumer guides is a important process that ensures customers can effectively perceive and make the most of products throughout totally different languages and cultures. At Aqueduct Translations, we emphasize adherence to a meticulous fashion information throughout this process. By following established pointers, we ensure consistency, clarity, and accuracy in every translation, enabling customers to seamlessly navigate their experiences no matter language limitations.
Importance of Consistency
Translating consumer guides is a crucial course of that ensures all users, regardless of their language proficiency, can perceive and make the most of a product successfully. Following a mode guide during this translation process is essential for maintaining clarity and consistency across all materials.
Key Roles within the Process of Translation
Consistency in language not solely aids comprehension but also builds belief with customers. Here are some reasons why adhering to a method guide is necessary:
- Clarity: A uniform fashion helps forestall misunderstandings and confusion amongst customers.
- Brand Voice: Consistent language reinforces the company’s brand identity and voice.
- Efficiency: Using a style guide streamlines the translation course of, saving time and sources.
- Quality Control: A standardized approach ensures that translations meet quality benchmarks constantly.
By following a structured course of and guidelines while translating person guides, companies can provide clear, concise, and user-friendly documentation that enhances the general consumer expertise.
Elements of a Style Guide
Translating user guides entails a scientific method to make sure accurate and efficient communication throughout totally different languages. Following a mode guide can significantly enhance the consistency and high quality of the translated materials. A type guide helps translators adhere to particular language rules, tone, formatting, and terminology related to the topic material.
- Initial Evaluation: Evaluate the supply materials for complexity, technical jargon, and target audience.
- Terminology Administration: Compile a glossary of key terms to take care of consistency all through the translation.
- Style Information Reference: Set Up tips relating to voice, tone, and formatting primarily based on the company’s type guide.
- Translation Course Of: Translate the content while following the established pointers and guaranteeing cultural relevance.
- Review and Enhancing: Conduct thorough evaluations and edits to catch errors and enhance clarity.
- Final Approval: Obtain approvals from stakeholders to ensure the translated guide meets all necessities.
By adhering to those steps and utilizing a complete type information, the interpretation course of can yield high-quality person guides that effectively serve their meant purpose throughout completely different languages.
Adapting to Client Expectations
Translating user guides is a meticulous process that requires cautious attention to element, particularly in relation to following a mode guide and adapting to consumer expectations. A well-defined style information serves as a roadmap for translators, guaranteeing consistency in terminology, tone, and formatting across the doc. This is essential because consumer guides often contain technical language and specialized jargon that have to be conveyed precisely.
- When a product is released, any user tends to open the user manual to check how can they use the product.
- Many organizations are now aligning their translation practices with their broader digital transformation strategies.
- Stay updated with the latest trends and advancements in your industry and conduct thorough research for comprehensive translation.
- User guide translation is crucial for reaching a global audience, ensuring product usability, and maintaining compliance with international regulations.
The first step in the translation course of sometimes includes familiarizing oneself with the client's specific fashion information. This might include guidelines on most well-liked terms, voice, and even visual elements corresponding to photographs or diagrams. By adhering to these requirements, translators can keep the integrity of the unique content material whereas making it accessible to a brand new viewers.
Next, it is essential to engage with the client to grasp their expectations absolutely. This could contain discussions about the audience, most well-liked language varieties, and any cultural nuances that have to be considered. By aligning with the client's vision, translators can be certain that the final product not solely meets however exceeds expectations.
Once the initial translations are accomplished, an intensive evaluate course of ought to observe. This phase typically contains proofreading and enhancing to catch any errors or inconsistencies. Collaborating with native speakers or subject material experts can additional enhance the quality of the translation, ensuring that the consumer information is both correct and user-friendly.
In conclusion, the method of translating person guides depends closely on following a mode information and adapting to shopper expectations. By meticulously managing these elements, translators can create high-quality paperwork that effectively talk essential information to customers worldwide.
Use Translation Tools
When it involves translating consumer guides, the method may be complex and requires consideration to element to make sure correct communication. Utilizing translation instruments can significantly streamline this course of, making it easier for companies like Aqueduct Translations to deliver high-quality translations efficiently. These instruments not only enhance productiveness but in addition help maintain consistency across a quantity of languages, ensuring customers obtain clear and understandable directions, no matter their language preference.
Translation Reminiscence ™
Translating user guides requires a systematic strategy to make sure readability, consistency, and accuracy in the last product. Using translation tools and Translation Reminiscence ™ can considerably enhance this course of, making it more environment friendly and cost-effective.
Here’s a typical course of for translating user guides utilizing these tools:
- Initial Assessment: Consider the source document to determine content material complexity, viewers, and particular terminology.
- Preparation of Supply Materials: Convert the person information into a translatable format, ensuring that all text is accessible.
- Translation Memory Setup: Create or access a Translation Reminiscence database that stores beforehand translated segments for reuse.
- Utilization of Translation Tools: Use CAT (Computer-Assisted Translation) instruments to leverage TM and preserve consistency across translations.
- Translation Process: Translate the content, integrating TM recommendations and ensuring adherence to type guides and glossaries.
- Review and Quality Assurance: Conduct thorough critiques to examine for accuracy, clarity, and completeness. This may contain linguistic review and functional testing.
- Finalization: As Soon As approved, format the translated user guide and prepare it for distribution, ensuring that it meets any localization requirements.
By following this structured course of and utilizing translation tools effectively, translators can create high-quality person guides that cater to numerous audiences whereas saving time and resources.
Terminology Administration ™
Translating consumer guides includes a scientific method to guarantee that the ultimate product is both accurate and user-friendly. One of the key components on this course of is the use of translation tools and terminology administration systems. These tools streamline the workflow and maintain consistency throughout translations, which is particularly important when coping with technical content.
Translation instruments, such as Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) software, assist translators work more effectively by permitting them to create translation recollections. A translation memory is a database that shops previously translated segments of textual content, making it simpler to reuse translations for related phrases or phrases in future initiatives. This not solely speeds up the interpretation course of but additionally ensures consistency in terminology.
Terminology management performs a vital position in the translation of user guides. Establishing a glossary of key terms associated to the product or service being described helps translators adhere to particular language requirements. This is very important in technical fields where exact language can affect usability and comprehension. By sustaining a centralized terminology database, teams can be certain that each translator makes use of the identical terminology all through the information, decreasing the possibilities of confusion for end-users.
Furthermore, efficient communication between translators, subject matter specialists, and high quality assurance teams is important. Common conferences and feedback sessions may help tackle any linguistic or contextual challenges which will arise in the course of the translation course of. Making Certain that all stakeholders are aligned on the project objectives contributes to a smoother workflow and a higher-quality last product.
In summary, using translation tools and implementing sturdy terminology administration strategies are vital steps in the means of translating person guides. By combining expertise with effective communication and coordination, organizations can produce person manuals which are accessible and useful to various audiences all over the world.
Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT)
Translating user guides entails a scientific approach to make sure readability, accuracy, and cultural relevance within the target language. The process usually starts with the initial assessment of the doc to determine its content, complexity, and audience. This evaluation informs the choice of acceptable translation tools and strategies.
One key element on this translation course of is using translation instruments. These can vary from simple on-line translators to advanced software designed specifically for professional translation tasks. Such instruments help translators keep consistency in terminology and magnificence, especially when dealing with technical jargon common in consumer guides.
Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools play an important function in this course of. CAT instruments, which embrace translation memory ™ techniques and glossaries, allow translators to retailer beforehand translated segments of text and retrieve them as wanted. This not solely accelerates the interpretation course of but also ensures that terminology remains consistent throughout the person guide.
Once the translation is accomplished, it undergoes an intensive review process, which may involve proofreading and editing by bilingual consultants acquainted with the subject matter. This step is important for catching any errors and making certain that the final product is polished and user-friendly.
After last revisions, the translated consumer guide is formatted appropriately to match the unique doc's format and design. This ensures that all visible parts, similar to photographs and diagrams, are correctly aligned with the translated textual content. Lastly, testing the translated information with actual customers can provide useful feedback, permitting for further refinements earlier than publication.
Machine Translation (MT) and Its Limitations
Translating consumer guides is a fancy process that requires careful consideration of each content and context. Whereas translation instruments, significantly Machine Translation (MT), can considerably streamline this task, they come with inherent limitations that have to be addressed.
Translation tools, including MT providers like Google Translate, can quickly convert textual content from one language to a different, making them helpful for initial drafts or understanding the final that means of a doc. They are especially helpful for translating large volumes of textual content in a brief interval, which is commonly essential for person guides which will comprise in depth tutorial content.
However, the limitations of MT shouldn't be underestimated. One of the primary challenges is the accuracy of translations, as MT methods could battle with idiomatic expressions, technical jargon, or phrases that require cultural context. User guides typically include specialised terminology that will not translate nicely, resulting in confusion for the end-user.
Moreover, MT lacks the flexibility to interpret tone and style, which could be essential in consumer guides that purpose to provide clear and friendly instructions. The absence of human nuance may find yourself in robotic or overly literal translations that fail to have interaction customers effectively.
Additionally, high quality assurance is crucial within the translation process. Relying solely on MT could result in overlooked errors or misinterpretations. Subsequently, it's essential to incorporate human translators or editors who can refine the output, ensuring that the ultimate product is accurate, coherent, and contextually acceptable.
In conclusion, whereas MT can serve as a priceless tool in the translation strategy of person guides, its limitations necessitate the involvement of skilled translators to ensure readability, accuracy, and user-friendliness within the last documentation.
Verify the Content
Translating user guides is a critical process that ensures users across different languages can effectively understand and utilize merchandise. Aqueduct Translations specializes in this intricate task, using a systematic method that includes content verification to take care of accuracy and readability. By specializing in cultural nuances and technical terminology, they ensure that translations not only convey the right information but also resonate with the target audience.
Ensuring Accuracy in Translations
Translating person guides is a meticulous course of that requires consideration to element and a dedication to accuracy. One of the crucial steps in this process is verifying the content material to make sure that the translations are precise and effective. This involves a quantity of stages, every aimed toward maintaining the integrity of the unique document whereas making it accessible to a new audience.
Initially, translators should possess a deep understanding of the topic material to understand the nuances present within the original textual content. This information allows them to convey technical phrases and ideas accurately in the goal language. As Soon As the interpretation is completed, it undergoes a thorough review course of the place editors or subject matter specialists confirm the translated content material against the unique. This step is important for identifying any errors or inconsistencies which will have occurred throughout translation.
Furthermore, utilizing glossaries or terminology databases can significantly improve accuracy. These resources present standardized translations for particular terms, making certain consistency throughout the doc. Additionally, utilizing translation software program can assist in maintaining uniformity throughout multiple paperwork, notably for large-scale projects.
After preliminary verification, conducting person testing with native audio system can present useful feedback on the readability and usefulness of the translated guide. This real-world utility is essential for identifying any areas that may need further refinement earlier than ultimate publication.
In conclusion, verifying the content of translated consumer guides is an integral a half of the translation process. By using thorough review practices, leveraging specialized sources, and incorporating suggestions from end-users, organizations can make sure that their translated materials are accurate, effective, and user-friendly.
Checking Technical Terms
When translating user guides, it's crucial to confirm the content for accuracy and readability. This entails a thorough evaluate of the unique text to ensure that all info is accurately translated without shedding its meant that means.
Checking technical terms is a crucial a half of this course of. It requires familiarity with the specific jargon used in the related business. Translators should not only translate words but also make certain that the technical language aligns with the terminology utilized by the target market. This may involve consulting glossaries, subject matter experts, or existing translations to take care of consistency and precision.
Additionally, translators should assess whether or not the technical phrases are culturally acceptable and if they resonate with the target demographic. This attention to detail helps avoid misunderstandings and ensures that users can effectively make the most of the information as intended.
In abstract, verifying content and checking technical phrases are essential steps in the translation of user guides, selling both accuracy and usefulness for the tip consumer.
Alignment of Visible Elements
Verifying the content material and alignment of visible components is essential when translating person guides to make sure readability and consistency across languages. This course of begins by reviewing the unique materials for accuracy and completeness, making certain that all info is appropriately conveyed. It includes checking for any cultural nuances or terminology specific to the audience that will require adaptation.
Next, alignment of visible elements, similar to photographs, diagrams, and icons, have to be verified. Visuals play a major role in user comprehension, so it's essential to make sure they correspond with the translated textual content and convey the meant message with out confusion. This would possibly contain resizing or repositioning elements to accommodate different textual content lengths or orientations.
Furthermore, it’s necessary to maintain up a cohesive structure throughout the guide. Consistency in font usage, color schemes, and style enhances the consumer experience. The final step contains conducting usability testing with native audio system to collect feedback on both the translated content material and the visual alignment, permitting for any necessary adjustments before publication.
Test the Usability
In right now's international market, the power to effectively translate user guides is crucial for guaranteeing that merchandise are accessible to numerous audiences. Aqueduct Translations focuses on offering seamless translation services that not solely adapt language but also preserve the usability of the guides. By focusing on user-centric design and clarity, the process includes cautious consideration of cultural nuances and technical accuracy, ultimately enhancing consumer expertise across totally different areas.
Evaluating Readability and Comprehension
Translating user guides is a important course of that ensures users from different linguistic backgrounds can successfully perceive and utilize a product or service. To evaluate the readability and comprehension of those translations, usability testing plays a vital position.
The first step in this course of entails choosing a representative pattern of the audience who speaks the language into which the user guide has been translated. By partaking real users, it becomes potential to evaluate how nicely the translated content communicates its intended message.
During usability testing, participants are sometimes asked to perform specific tasks using the product whereas referring to the consumer information. Observing their interactions provides priceless insights into whether the instructions are clear and actionable. It’s essential to notice any points of confusion or misunderstanding that arise throughout these classes.
Follow-up interviews can additional enhance understanding by permitting testers to articulate their thought processes as they navigate the directions. This qualitative knowledge helps determine areas the place the interpretation may lack readability or the place terminology could be misinterpreted.
Additionally, employing metrics such as the System Usability Scale (SUS) can provide quantifiable feedback on how comprehensible and user-friendly the translated information is. Analyzing this knowledge allows teams to make informed adjustments to enhance general usability.
In conclusion, testing the usability of translated user guides is an essential step in guaranteeing that they successfully talk essential info. By specializing in clarity and comprehension, organizations can improve person satisfaction and accessibility across diverse language teams.
Gathering Feedback
Testing the usability of translated consumer guides is a important step in making certain that the content material just isn't only accurately translated but in addition accessible and easy to understand for the target market. This course of involves several key steps, including gathering suggestions from actual customers who interact with the guide.
To start, it is essential to choose out a various group of users representing the demographics of your target market. These testers ought to be conversant in the product or service the consumer guide refers to, as their insights will be invaluable. Throughout the usability testing, observers can concentrate on how easily customers navigate by way of the guide, find needed data, and understand the instructions supplied.
After conducting the usability tests, gathering qualitative and quantitative feedback is crucial. Users should be inspired to share their thoughts on the clarity of the translations, the structure of the knowledge, and any cultural nuances that will affect comprehension. Surveys, interviews, and informal discussions can present wealthy insights into the user experience.
Incorporating this suggestions is vital for refining the consumer guide additional. Addressing any ambiguity, rephrasing complicated sections, and guaranteeing consistency in terminology will improve the overall high quality of the doc. Ultimately, the objective is to make sure that the translated user guide serves its purpose successfully, serving to customers to know and utilize the product or service with ease.
Understanding person guide translation
Conducting Quality Assurance Checks
Translating user guides entails a meticulous course of that ensures clarity, accuracy, and usefulness for the target market. The first step is to assess the unique content material for complexity and cultural relevance, which lays the groundwork for effective translation. Following this, professional translators with expertise in the topic material are engaged to ensure that the nuances of technical language are preserved.
Once the preliminary translation is full, it's essential to conduct thorough usability testing. This involves having actual customers interact with the translated guide to determine any potential misunderstandings or usability issues. Suggestions collected during this part is invaluable for refining the text and making essential changes to boost comprehension.
After usability testing, conducting high quality assurance checks is crucial. This step consists of proofreading for grammatical accuracy, consistency in terminology, and alignment with the model's tone and style. https://www.linkedin.com/in/minustin/ Quality assurance also involves verifying that each one images, diagrams, and different visual elements align with the translated textual content, guaranteeing that the information isn't solely informative but also visually coherent.
Finally, implementing iterative evaluations allows for steady improvement. Partaking native audio system and subject matter experts all through the method can lead to a extra polished and efficient user guide, in the end leading to a product that meets the wants of its customers.
Keep Learning
In right now's fast-paced world, the flexibility to continue to learn is essential for staying relevant and effective, particularly in fields like translation. When it involves translating user guides, a meticulous process is crucial to make sure clarity and usability across totally different languages. Aqueduct Translations exemplifies this dedication to high quality, using a structured method that mixes linguistic experience with cultural sensitivity, in the end leading to user-friendly guides that cater to a worldwide viewers.
Staying Up To Date on Trade Trends
Translating user guides is an in depth course of that requires cautious planning and execution to ensure accuracy and usefulness throughout totally different languages. The first step typically entails gathering all relevant materials, including the unique user information and any associated documentation. This helps translators perceive the context and technical specifics of the content they will be working with.
Next, it is important to research the target market's language proficiency and cultural nuances. This analysis informs choices about terminology and phrasing, making certain that translations resonate with customers in different regions. Following this, a team of skilled translators or localization experts begins the translation course of, specializing in sustaining the original which means whereas adapting for readability and cultural relevance.
Once the preliminary translation is complete, an intensive evaluate part begins. This could embrace editing by a second translator and proofreading to catch any potential errors or inconsistencies. Moreover, testing the translated guide with precise customers can provide valuable feedback on its effectiveness and value.
Lastly, keeping studying and staying up to date on trade trends is essential throughout this process. By being conscious of developments in translation expertise, instruments, and finest practices, translators can improve their efficiency and quality of work. This continuous training not solely improves the ultimate product but also ensures that person guides stay relevant and accessible to numerous audiences worldwide.
Seeking Continuous Improvement
Translating person guides is a meticulous process that requires consideration to element and a commitment to accuracy. To begin, it is essential to collect all needed supplies, including the original user guide, any pertinent supplementary paperwork, and context about the services or products being described. This helps make positive that translators absolutely perceive the subject material.
Next, the translation staff should conduct an intensive evaluate of the original doc. This includes figuring out technical phrases, jargon, and potential cultural nuances that may influence the translation. It’s crucial to have a glossary or type guide that maintains consistency throughout translations, particularly for complicated or specialised content.
Once the preliminary translation is full, the text ought to undergo a rigorous modifying course of. This might contain multiple rounds of proofreading to identify and rectify errors or ambiguities. Collaboration with subject material specialists can enhance the accuracy of the translated materials, ensuring that it is both user-friendly and technically correct.
After editing, the translated user guide ought to be formatted to match the original structure. This ensures that customers will discover the knowledge simply, mirroring the construction they are accustomed to. Finally, testing the person guide in real-world eventualities can present insights into its effectiveness, permitting for additional revisions and improvement.
In conclusion, translating user guides isn't just about changing words from one language to another; it’s about creating an accessible resource that enhances person expertise. By preserving studying and in search of steady improvement throughout this course of, we will ensure that every user information serves its purpose successfully throughout languages and cultures.
Engaging with Professional Communities
Translating user guides is a multifaceted course of that requires not solely linguistic skills but also an understanding of the topic material and the audience. The preliminary step entails gathering the present documentation and analyzing its content material to ensure clarity and comprehensiveness. This allows translators to identify any technical terms or jargon which will want particular attention throughout translation.
Once the content is thoroughly reviewed, the subsequent stage is to create a glossary of key phrases that may remain consistent throughout the information. This is crucial for maintaining accuracy and coherence, particularly in technical contexts. Participating with skilled communities can present valuable insights into industry-specific terminology and greatest practices, which can improve the quality of the translations.
After establishing a strong basis with the glossary, translators proceed to the actual translation course of. It’s important to keep cultural nuances in mind, adjusting phrases or examples to ensure they resonate properly with the audience. Collaborating with native speakers or subject material consultants can additional refine the interpretation, guaranteeing it aligns with the expectations and preferences of users in numerous regions.
Following the preliminary translation, a radical evaluation and modifying section is crucial. This could involve peer reviews or feedback sessions within professional networks, which may help catch errors and enhance overall readability. Participating with these communities not only aids within the translation process but also fosters steady learning and progress within the field.
Finally, testing the translated consumer guides by using them in real-world situations helps establish any areas for improvement. This iterative process ensures that the final product is usable, efficient, and user-friendly. Thus, participating actively with professional communities while embracing a mindset of steady studying can considerably improve the standard of translated consumer guides.
